Framing

• Establishing Shot- Beach
• Long Shot- Running
• Wide Shot- Floor
• Medium Close Up- Rose
• Wide Shot- Heart
• Extreme Close Up- Crying
• Long Shot- Heart
• Medium Close Up- Pictures
• Wide Shot- Sea
• Extreme Close Up- Crying
• Medium Close Up- Letter
• Long Shot- Window
• Wide Shot- Petals
• Close Up- Waves
• Extreme Close Up- Hands
• Long Shot- Flowers
• Close Up- Lake
• Medium Close Up- Crying
• Wide Shot- Sky
• Long Shot- Dancing
• Long Shot- Dancing
• Over The Shoulder Shot- Mirror
• Extreme Close Up- Lips
• Wide Shot- Dock
• Long Shot- Walking
• Medium Close Up- Bodies

Makeup Ideas

Cast Member

Leah Haywood

Leah is studying four A level subjects which are: Art, Textiles, Media and Dance at Wyke College. She is my lead cast member and creates the image for the artist that i am developing. After putting lots of thought into the genre of music video i wanted to create i decided Leah would fit the Pop music genre perfectly. She is exactly the sort of artist that i was looking to construct and agreed to be in my music video quite happily.

Health and Safety

I have created a health and safety table highlighting possible hazards whilst the making of my music video is taking place. I have judged the risk of injury, chance of injury and severity of injury from low, medium or high. I have given controls and control measures that should take place in order to avoid injury at all times. By behaving in a certain way the chance of injury can be overcome and stay safe throughout the duration.

Story Board

My Animatic

I have produced an animatic using the soundtrack that i have chosen for my music video and animation pictures that i have drawn myself. The animatic shows my thoughts and ideas about how i am going to construct and develop my music video to make it original and unique. 

Locations

BRIDLINGTON BEACH

THE GREEN ROOM

THE LAKES/PONDS

LEAH'S HOUSE

Audience Profile

Audience Questionnaire

1. What mode of transport do you use? 
2. What accommodation do you live in?
3. What is your favorite television program?
4. What music do you like?
5. What is your favorite food?
6. Are you interested in any sports?
7. Where do you usually go on holiday?
8. What do you usually drink?

After studying a range of music videos including those of all genres with different codes and conventions i have created a questionnaire as audience research. It helps to narrow down an audience suitable for the media product for best results. The target audience is the most relevant and connected audience to the media product. I asked the eight questions that i have stated above and received mixed feedback from my audience, which were the other people in my media class. I discovered the results that i have received from different methods of qualitative research. In this case i used a questionnaire but i have also done two focus groups specifically relating to my chosen genre and music video. Question One: I found that the most popular mode of transport among my class is travelling by public transport such as a bus or train, the second most popular form of transport is a car. These results i received largely reflects the age range of my audience that answered my questionnaire. The majority of the audience are 17 and the minority of the audience are 18 and older. As the legal driving age is seventeen i wouldn't expect the whole of my class to drive a car yet. Question Two: Everybody answered the second question and told me that they lived in a family house with their parents. Again this very much relates to the age range of the people that answered my questionnaire. Most of them been seventeen and eighteen years old would usually at that age live with a parent/s or guardian/s in a family household. Question Three: I discovered that the most popular television programs watched are reality TV programs such as: Made In Chelsea, Geordie Shore and The Only Way Is Essex. These programs appeal to teenagers and young adults as they contain real life people and problems that teenagers in the real world will also face. Sometimes these sorts of programs have bad influences on teenagers because of the images portrayed and the way of life that comes across as achievable which really isn't. On the other hand they can also give teenagers influences to face up to problems and resolve negative situations in a positive way. Question Four: The most common type of music liked by my class mates is of the pop genre. The second most popular is rock music and the least most popular is indie music. This reflects the personality and hobbies of the audience in which i used to answer my questionnaire. Pop has always been a very popular genre of music among teenagers and young adults as it has developed dramatically over the past few years especially. Question Five: English food wasn't as popular as food from other cultures such as: Mexican, Chinese, Indian and Italian. This is because foreign foods are becoming popular throughout the teenage generation. This is partly due to the fact most of the foreign foods i have listed above are takeaway options which are fast and easy. It is also because of the larger amount of travel around the world to different countries and people therefore discovering new foods which are now being brought to the UK and becoming more and more popular. Question Six: The majority of the people that i asked are most interested in sports including taking part or following and watching them on television. The most popular sports mentioned by males were rugby and football. The most popular sport mentioned by females was dance. Question Seven: I found that the majority of people go abroad on holiday every year whereas the minority of people either go on holiday in the UK every year or don't go on holiday at all. This largely relates to social class. Going abroad on holiday is more expensive than not going on holiday at all or going on holiday in the UK because of the cost to travel to other countries. Question Eight: Nine out of the fifteen people that responded to my questionnaire said that they don't usually drink alcoholic drinks and six out of the fifteen people said that they do drink alcohol. This reflects to the age range of the audience that i asked because the majority of the people are seventeen not yet eighteen.

Focus Group

I made several focus group questions to ask my audience which were:

• What is it about a music video that draws your attention?
• What is your favorite music video genre?
• When you see a music video of the pop genre what conventions do you expect to see?
• Would you rather see a narrative storyboard, performance or abstract music video?
• Where would you usually watch music videos?
• Have you heard of the artist Beyonce
• What do you like about her music?

Mock Up Story Board Beyonce Broken Hearted Girl

Initial Ideas

My Chosen Music Video

My Chosen Music Video by s0014859 on GoAnimate


I have produced a go animate to show the audience what music genre i have chosen for my music video. I have also included why i have chosen the genre and what i am going to include in my music video.

Music Video History Censorship

Music Video History

Lyrics Analysis

   "Broken-Hearted Girl"

You're everything I thought you never were

And nothing like I thought you could have been

But still you live inside of me,

So tell me how is that?

You're the only one I wish I could forget

The only one I love to not forgive

And though you break my heart,

You're the only one

And though there are times when I hate you

'Cause I can't erase

The times that you hurt me and put tears on my face

And even now, while I hate you,

It pains me to say

I know I'll be there at the end of the day

I don't wanna be without you, babe

I don't want a broken heart

Don't wanna take a breath without you, babe

I don't wanna play that part

I know that I love you, but let me just say

I don't wanna love you in no kind of way, no no

I don't want a broken heart

I don't wanna play the broken-hearted girl

No, no, no broken-hearted girl

I'm no broken-hearted girl

There's something that I feel I need to say

But up til' now I've always been afraid

That you would never come around

And still I wanna put this out

You say you've got the most respect for me

But, sometimes I feel you're not deserving of me

And still, you're in my heart

But you're the only one

And yes, there are times when I hate you,

But I don't complain

'Cause I've been afraid that you would walk away

Oh, but now I don't hate you

I'm happy to say

That I will be there at the end of the day

I don't wanna be without you, babe

I don't want a broken heart

Don't wanna take a breath without you, babe

I don't wanna play that part

I know that I love you, but let me just say

I don't wanna love you in no kind of way, no no

I don't want a broken heart

I don't wanna play the broken-hearted girl

No, no, no broken-hearted girl

Now I'm at a place I thought I'd never be, ooh

I'm living in a world that's all about you and me, yeah

Ain't gotta be afraid, my broken heart is free

To spread my wings and fly away, away with you..., yeah, yeah, yeah

I don't wanna be without my baby

I don't want a broken heart

Don't wanna take a breath without my baby

I don't wanna play that part

I know that I love you, but let me just say

I don't wanna love you in no kind of way, no no

I don't want a broken heart

I don't wanna play the broken-hearted girl

No, no, no broken-hearted girl

Broken-hearted girl

No, no, no broken-hearted girl

No broken-hearted girl


The lyrics that are used in this music video are extremely emotional and touching. This is unusual for the pop genre to include a song like this one. The song explores a woman's emotions on the ups and downs of being in love with somebody. The protagonist which is the female sings about heartache and been disappointed and let down time and time again. The emotional hurt she experiences although painful and unfortunate she still puts up with because she is in love. It shows the audience the things people do for the ones that they love and why they do these things. After analyzing the situation throughout the lyrics she realizes that her love is too strong and would never let him go no matter what he did to her. Some of the words used in the lyrics appear to be very contradicting when they are picked out as single words such as 'everything' and 'nothing'. These two words mean the complete opposite but describe how her emotions appear to be up and down constantly. The words 'forgive' and 'forget' are also used which are very powerful things to appreciate when in love with somebody. Forgiving and forgetting can often be very important and essential. The words 'love' and 'hate' tell us about the protagonists insecurities about her feelings because one minute she feels hate and the next she feels love. The word 'love' itself is used several times throughout the lyrics for the music video showing which one overrides the other eventually. Words such as 'respect' and 'deserving' are said so that the audience can relate to the protagonist and realize what she expects from the antagonist. The words 'broken' and 'hearted' are also used regularly to express what she doesn't want to happen and how the story eventually shouldn't end.' Babe' and 'Baby' are used in the lyrics as a way of showing affection in the way that she is describing her partner. The lyrics for this music video describe the narrative extremely well making the story line easy to understand and follow so that relations can be made to the protagonist and antagonist.

Genre Conventions

Pop Genre Conventions

I have chosen the genre pop for my music video and in doing this the codes and conventions of the genre have to be followed. This makes the music video recognizable to the audience and clear that the genre is pop. I have chosen this genre because I am interested in everything about the pop music industry including the attitudes of the artists as well as the settings and costumes. Pop music is often performance based through the music video and lyrics. The performance usually illustrates the lyrics.

 This can be linked with Goodwin’s theory of narrative and performance within a music video. He states that we tend to make up our own idea of the messages being sent in a song from a basic understanding of what it might actually be about. He also thinks that all music videos should be of the same standard every time and that narrative and performance work together in order to keep the audience interested and not become bored of the music video. When the artist acts as the actor and singer it makes the music video original and more entertaining. He says that miming is still the most popular thing done in music videos to this day. It is how the artist makes it look as real as possible to the audience that attracts them to the music video.

The pacing of pop music videos is usually fast with some exceptions for example my chosen music video is a slow paced pop song. The music videos for pop songs are usually shot during the summer period when the weather is positive. The artist mainly wears fashionable including designer brands during their music videos which suggest wealth and fortune. Female costumes are stereo-typically extremely revealing with a lot of sexual connotations about them.

 This relates to the male gaze and how Laura Mulvey thinks that men look at women, how women look at themselves and how women look at other women. The concept of the gaze is one that deals with how the audience view people on how they present themselves. She believes that in media the audience have to view characters from a heterosexual male perspective. Cameras focus on female curves on the body of women which relegates women to the status of been an object rather than a person.

Ke$ha-Tik Tok

Throughout the pop music video typical codes and conventions of the genre are shown including:

• Partying

• Alcohol

• Dancing

• Clubs

• Piercings

• Jewelry

• Bright Colors

• Male Attention

• Fast Cars

• Revealing Clothing

• Attractive Females

• Seductive Poses

• Rebellious Attitude

• Defiant Behavior

• Sexual Connotations

The scenes shown in the music video are typical mainly focusing on the theme of teenage partying. It shows how young people like to consume large amounts of alcohol and stay out late at night in clubs with their friends. The girls are wearing revealing clothing and portraying their bodies in a negative way to males. Lots of sexual connotations can be noticed as girls throw themselves at males and behave seductively. Bright colors can be seen as well as lots of modern and young ideas such as piercings and heavy make up. Male attention is a main impression given whilst watching the music video and it is shown as a normal and acceptable way to behave. The image shown gives teenagers a bad reputation because pople stereotype all teenagers to behave in the exact same way as this.

The Wanted-Walks Like Rihanna

Throughout the pop music video typical codes and conventions of the genre are shown including:

Attractive Females

• Attractive Males

• High Heels

• Revealing Clothing

• Bright Lights

• Fashionable Clothing

• Modern Technology

• Jewelry

• White/Black Suits

• Makeup

• Male Attention

• Flashing Lights

• Bright Colors

In this music video the main focus is on males giving females attention and the focus of the female body. It shows that the males are clearly very attracted to the females by their actions throughout the music video. A lot of stage presence and acting as well as singing and dancing can be seen in the music video. Lots of speakers and bright lights are shown so that the party atmosphere can be taken in by the audience. The clothes worn support the idea of fashion and designer clothing which are stereotypical to the genre. The shots are all fast paced showing that a lot is going on during the video and plenty of action takes place. The image that is portrayed because of this music video is that males see women as sexual objects and something to look at that pleases them and not an actual person.

Miley Cyrus-We Can't Stop

Throughout the pop music video typical codes and conventions of the genre are shown including:

White Clothing

• Modern technology

• Red Lipstick

• Heavy Makeup

• Tattoos

• Jewelry

• Bleached Hair

• Seductive Poses

• Sexual Attitude

• Sunglasses

• Fire

• Money

• Pool Party

• Chewing Gum

• False Nails

• Dancing

• Revealing Clothing

• Male Attention

This music video particularly focuses on the rebellious behavior of teenagers and they're actions. Many controversial issues could be raised throughout watching the music video. Sexual and provocative behavior is a main issue followed by the image that is been portrayed. The females are wearing lots of make up and have tattoos and piercings which only some people think are an acceptable ides in society. Red lipstick if worn which makes a bold statement to the audience about what sort of person would wear this. After viewing this music video the idea that the majority of people would get is that girls behave and make themselves appear slutty to attract male attention and be noticed.

Textual Analysis Three

Kelly Clarkson Because Of You

I will not make the same mistakes that you did
I will not let myself
Cause my heart so much misery
I will not break the way you did,
You fell so hard
I've learned the hard way
To never let it get that far

Because of you
I never stray too far from the sidewalk
Because of you
I learned to play on the safe side so I don't get hurt
Because of you
I find it hard to trust not only me, but everyone around me
Because of you
I am afraid

I lose my way
And it's not too long before you point it out
I cannot cry
Because I know that's weakness in your eyes
I'm forced to fake
A smile, a laugh everyday of my life
My heart can't possibly break
When it wasn't even whole to start with

Because of you
I never stray too far from the sidewalk
Because of you
I learned to play on the safe side so I don't get hurt
Because of you
I find it hard to trust not only me, but everyone around me
Because of you
I am afraid

I watched you die
I heard you cry every night in your sleep
I was so young
You should have known better than to lean on me
You never thought of anyone else
You just saw your pain
And now I cry in the middle of the night
For the same damn thing

Because of you
I never stray too far from the sidewalk
Because of you
I learned to play on the safe side so I don't get hurt
Because of you
I try my hardest just to forget everything
Because of you
I don't know how to let anyone else in
Because of you
I'm ashamed of my life because it's empty
Because of you
I am afraid

Because of you
Because of you

Analysis

Because of you is performed by American singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album Breakaway. It was produced by David Hodges and Ben Moody and written by Kelly Clarkson, David Hodges and Ben Moody. It was released in August the 16th 2005 and the genre of the music video is pop. The song was originally written by the artist when she was only 16 years old because of emotional distress she was experiencing due to her parents divorce at the time. The song lyrically explores the pain of a deteriorating relationship to do with her father. The song includes various musical instruments such as a piano and guitar. The music video is directed by Vadim Perelman and was produced by Rhonda Vernet. Before producing the lyrics and music video she asked her parents permission because of the such touchy topic that it covered. The whole point of the music video was to show people that this kind of family can exist anywhere in life and people do suffer these experiences unfortunately. Although the video seems like all doom and gloom it does end in happiness for her and her family.

A narrative is produced throughout the music video because of the four main elements which are: sound, cinematography, mise en scene and editing. The music video is based on the Clarkson household in the past and present. Kelly Clarkson is now married and has a little girl. She begins to reflect upon her life as a little girl and how she would never wish anybody the same life that she had to endure. A heated argument begins to arise in the house between her and he husband. Time then freezes and travels back in time to her younger self bringing back painful memories of her childhood to her. She lived in an unhappy family when she was a little girl due to her parents divorce and this has clearly had a big impact on her life. In the video she makes a picture for her father and he throws it in the bin. Her mother then makes him a meal to eat with the family and he refuses to eat with them and doesn't appreciate anything. Her mother then throws it away just like the picture. It drives her mother to crying in her bedroom and taking pills because she is so unhappy. The children including her experience all of the arguments and pain that the household have to face. Her mother and father eventually have a physical fight and he decided it's time to leave he therefore packs his bags and walks out on her mother and the rest of the family. The music video then goes forward in time again to the current situation and she realizes she doesn't want to repeat her earlier life and thinks of her children. She makes up with her husband and they are happy again.

The mise en scene throughout the music video remains very similar. This is because the setting of the music video is shown in the same few places. The first shot is an establishing shot which tilts upwards from the garden to the house to show the location of the music video. A two shot is then shown of her parents arguing in the household. A point of view shot is then used to show how the argument seems from her point of view as a little girl. A close up of a photo frame and what looks like a happy family is then shown to remind the audience of when times were different. A track is used to follow her backwards as she walks to get away from what she has seen. She goes to look in the mirror and a pan upwards is shown of her reflection in the mirror of her as a little girl. A two shot of her and her dad is shown to the audience to show us how he didn't have time for her or appreciate her been around. A long shot of the four of them is shown so that the audience can see her then and her now. A close up of her in a studio is then shown to the audience of her singing to show emotion. A pan upwards of an empty seat at the kitchen table is shown where her dad should be sitting but doesn't come home for his meal. It then moves on to a close up of her mum scraping the food into the bin looking angry and upset. The audience realize that enough is enough when a two shot is shown of her mum taking pills and her stood at the door watching her do this scared and lonely. Her mum is seen on the bed crying as a close up and she is then shown as a close up singing on the bed in the same way. Her dad is finally shown leaving as the camera tracks his movements and he gets in his car and drives away.

Throughout the music video very little editing is used most of the editing that is included takes place at the beginning of the music video. An inwards zoom is used at the beginning up to the window of the house to show the audience the argument between her parents that is taking place. A freeze frame of the argument happens and she walks out of the freeze frame and begins to sing. A black screen is shown several times as the narrative jumps from the story line to the studio setting. Another inward zoom is used to show the tea time setting and everybody being there but her father. Continuity editing is occurring all the way through the music video because the narrative is developing in order of events. A shot reverse shot camera action is used to show her as an adult watching the arguments take place to her as a child then back to her as an adult to show her reactions to what she is watching take place in front of her. The main element of sound used is diegetic sound of her singing throughout the music video. Non diegetic sound of the music and lyrics can be seen but not heard during parts also as the narrative is developing and the main focus is on that.

The cinematography throughout the music video shows what should be seen as a very normal and happy family home. At the beginning the house is shown to tell the audience what a happy household should look like. The kitchen of the house is shown as the main meeting point in the house creating verisimilitude like a normal house. She is seen wearing red to show her loving and caring side whilst he is opposite and he is wearing lots of dull and dark colors like blacks and browns. Around the house lots of family photos can be seen of them through happier times. When the music video changes to her watching her family arguments and seeing herself as a little girl she is now wearing black and dark clothing. This tells the audience that she isn't vulnerable anymore like she used to be she is standing up for herself and making a change not been pushed around anymore. As a little girl she appears innocent and pretty in a long flowery dress. She looks unhappy which a little girl somebody so young shouldn't be. The lighting the house is dull and dingy making the house not feel homely or welcoming to anybody. The studio is extremely dark with very little lighting showing her emotions and how down and depressed she was feeling at the time. It shows us through attitude and costume that her little girl is very similar to her when she was young wearing the same clothes and looking unhappy in the same way. The picture she has made for her dad can be seen to show that she was just a normal little girl that wanted her dad to love her. When an argument takes place the weather outside is rainy and wet adding to the effect of the mood of the household. The differences between now and then are very clear through the imagery of costume and mannerisms.

The overall music video is about the fact that family arguments cause pain and destruction and are not necessary in a household. The whole point of the narrative is to show her personal experience throughout her life as well as added extras to show that arguments can be changed and sorted out. Children shouldn't have to experience arguments between their parents because it destroys families and causes unhappy childhoods. Families should be happy and enjoy their lives together as long or short as they may be.

Textual Analysis Two

Katy Perry One That Got Away

Summer after high school when we first met

We make out in your Mustang to Radiohead
And on my 18th Birthday
We got matching tattoos

Used to steal your parents' liquor
And climb to the roof
Talk about our future
Like we had a clue
Never planned that one day
I'd be losing you

In another life
I would be your girl
We'd keep all our promises
Be us against the world

In another life
I would make you stay
So I don't have to say
You were the one that got away
The one that got away

I was June and you were my Johnny Cash
Never one without the other, we made a pact
Sometimes when I miss you
I put those records on (Whoa)

Someone said you had your tattoo removed
Saw you downtown singing the Blues
It's time to face the music
I'm no longer your muse

But in another life
I would be your girl
We'd keep all our promises
Be us against the world

In another life
I would make you stay
So I don't have to say
You were the one that got away
The one that got away
The o-o-o-o-o-one [x3]
The one that got away

All this money can't buy me a time machine (Nooooo)
Can't replace you with a million rings (Nooooo)
I should've told you what you meant to me (Whoa)
'Cause now I pay the price

In another life
I would be your girl
We'd keep all our promises
Be us against the world

In another life
I would make you stay
So I don't have to say
You were the one that got away
The one that got away
The o-o-o-o-o-one [x3]

In another life
I would make you stay
So I don't have to say
You were the one that got away
The one that got away

Analysis

The One That Got Away is a song performed by Katy Perry from her third studio album, Teenage Dream. The song was released on the 4th of October 2011 through Capitol. The song was written by Katy Perry, Lukasz Gottwald and Max Martin and produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin. The genre of the song is a mid-tempo pop ballad. I think that the target audience of the song and music video is mainly aimed at females that can relate to the story line. The age range for the video i believe is older women because of the narrative. The music video that accompanies the song was directed by Floria Sigismondi and premiered in November 2011 featuring the actor Diego Luna. Other versions of the song such as remixes, acoustic versions and covers have been released since the original song was produced. The Video was shot at the Lima Residence, a contemporary home located in Calabasas a city in Los Angles.

A narrative is produced throughout the music video due to four main elements which are: sound, editing, mise en scene and cinematography. The music video is based on a real life situation that could occur throughout a persons life. It begins with Kay Perry as an old women living in a home with her husband, he is played by Herman Sinitzyn. As the audience the first impressions of the couple are that the love in their marriage is lost because of their actions. The past is then explored as she remembers the good times. As the video continues it cuts back to a time when she was younger and had a boyfriend. Flashbacks of her having the time of her life when she was younger are included in the music video as well as shots of the present. She is seen having an argument with her boyfriend and finding the consequences upsetting. The younger Katy Perry and older Katy Perry appear to each other in a bedroom and both engage in the song. Her boyfriend has driven away from the house to let off steam and whilst driving he decided to make up with her but it's too late. He crashes his car off the end of a cliff and never gets the chance. Katy then visits the site where her boyfriend died and waits there until his ghost appears whilst the Johnny Cash song 'You Are My Sunshine' is playing in the background. She then snaps back into reality and the music video ends.

The mise en scene throughout the music video reflects the narrative completely in a way that shows how much Katy has changed over the years in a negative way as well as giving out the message that money doesn't bring you happiness . The first first shot in the music video shows a very large modern house. It then goes on to show the spacious inside and her and her husband. He is wearing a suit to show importance. She is wearing a long silver dress to show elegance and fortune. She is also wearing a lot of silver grand jewellery to show wealth and symbolize money. You automatically know that they are married as their wedding rings are visible. He is sat at a table reading a book whilst she sits in another room and drinks coffee showing that there is no love left in the marriage and she looks unhappy. As she starts to have flashbacks the audience discover a whole new person. She is now in an old fashioned small house with her boyfriend and they are having fun together painting. She is wearing a faded cream slightly dirty long shirt and she has long dark hair. He is wearing a checked shirt and jeans which looks very informal. He also has stubble and a beard making him look a little bit rough and ready. They look as though they aren't very wealthy and make do with what they have got. This is completely different to how she is now and this could reflect one of the reasons for her unhappiness. They go to a dance dressed as June and Johnny Cash laughing and joking where she drinks beer out of the bottle. This shows another dramatic change as now she is drinking coffee out of a mug living a boring life.

The cinematography throughout the music video captures the ups and downs of young love and romance. The first shot is an establishing shot showing the house that they live in. A two shot is then used to show the two characters the audience should focus on at this point in the video.A close up is shown of a pair of expensive shoes she takes off and puts away in the wardrobe. A zoom in is used as she pours the coffee until a close up of her stirring it appears on screen. A zoom out then occurs and she isn't stirring coffee anymore she is stirring paint and this is when the flashbacks start to happen. A lot of close ups and extreme close ups are seen in the music video to show emotion and passion for example when they are kissing and cuddling. A tilt is used from bottom to top of her so that the audience can see the difference in outfits from then and now. A close up of the couples matching tattoos are shown as a connection of the characters. A two shot of Katy now and Katy then is shown when the seen is the bedroom takes place. An over the shoulder shot can be seen when Katy ruins her boyfriends painting so that the audience can see what is happening from her point of view. A long shot is shown of Katy driving in her car now and her boyfriend driving in his car then to show the audience that they both have the same car. A low angle is used as he drives his car off the edge of the cliff so that it is clear how he died because of the big drop. Finally a two shot is used again to show Katy now and her boyfriend then as a ghost coming close together before he disappears.

The sound used in the music video varies from diegetic, non diegetic, synchronous and asynchronous as that narrative develops. At the beginning of the video diegetic sound can be heard through a conversation between Katy and her husband. Non diegetic sound is played over the top of the conversation and continues to play. Non diegetic music and lyrics are played until Katy starts to sing to the lyrics turning it into diegetic sound. Diegetic sound of the car swerving the rocks across the road and going off the edge of the cliff and crashing can be heard and seen. Non diegetic sound of Johnny Cash singing 'You Are My Sunshine' can be heard as she approaches where the accident happened to see his ghost. Non diegetic sound of birds and animals making noises can also be heard but not seen right at the end of the video.

The overall video is about the past and Katy's desire to go back in time for just one day so she could change everything that went wrong and still be with her boyfriend. She blames herself for losing him because of what she did. Other parts of the music video also give the audience the message that although now she is married to a very rich man and has everything she could ever want she is still not happy as money will never bring her happiness. The other message the video is trying to give is about young love and how things can go wrong and regrets will be made whilst you're young but to try and do things right when you are so you won't be in her position now when you're old and unhappy with somebody you don't really love.